Pop Music Highlighter: Marking the Emotion Keypoints

The goal of music highlight extraction is to get a short consecutive segment of a piece of music that provides an effective representation of the whole piece. In a previous work, we introduced an attention-based convolutional recurrent neural network that uses music emotion classification as a surrogate task for music highlight extraction, for Pop songs. The rationale behind that approach is that the highlight of a song is usually the most emotional part. This paper extends our previous work in the following two aspects. First, methodology-wise we experiment with a new architecture that does not need any recurrent layers, making the training process faster. Moreover, we compare a late-fusion variant and an early-fusion variant to study which one better exploits the attention mechanism. Second, we conduct and report an extensive set of experiments comparing the proposed attention-based methods against a heuristic energy-based method, a structural repetition-based method, and a few other simple feature-based methods for this task. Due to the lack of public-domain labeled data for highlight extraction, following our previous work we use the RWC POP 100-song data set to evaluate how the detected highlights overlap with any chorus sections of the songs. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods over competing methods. For reproducibility, we open source the code and pre-trained model at https://github.com/remyhuang/pop-music-highlighter/.Comment: Transactions of the ISMIR vol. 1, no.

HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTRA OF CH2OO : ASSIGNMENTS OF _5 AND 2_9 BANDS AND OVERLAPPED BANDS OF ICH2OO

The simplest Criegee intermediate chem{CH_2OO}, important in atmospheric chemistry, has recently been detected with infrared (IR) absorption in the reaction of chem{CH_2I} + chem{O_2}.footnote {Y.-T. ~Su, Y.-H. ~Huang, H. A. ~Witek, and Y.-P. ~Lee, Science {bf340}, 174 (2013).} We have recorded high-resolution infrared spectrum of chem{CH_2OO} with rotational lines partially resolved. In additional to derivation of some critical spectral parameters to confirm the previous assignments of $nu$$_{3}$ at 1434.1 cm$^{-1}$, $nu$$_{4}$ at 1285.7 cm$^{-1}$, $nu$$_{6}$ at 909.2 cm$^{-1}$, and $nu$$_{8}$ at 847.4 cm$^{-1}$, the high-resolution spectra enable us to assign with confidence the 2$nu$$_{9}$ at 1233.5 cm$^{-1}$ and $nu$$_{5}$ at 1213.0 cm$^{-1}$. Observed vibrational wavenumbers, relative intensities, and rotational structures agree well with those predicted by high-level quantum calculations. Some additional hot bands and combination bands are also observed. We also recorded the IR spectrum of chem{ICH_2OO} under high-pressure conditions. Observed IR intensities and vibrational wavenumbers of 1233.8 ($nu$$_{4}$), 1221 ($nu$$_{5}$), 1087 ($nu$$_{6}$), and 923 ($nu$$_{7}$) cm$^{-1}$ agree with those simulated according to theoretical predictions and those observed in solid ${p}$-chem{H_2}.footnote {Y.-F. ~Lee and Y.-P. ~Lee, Chem. Phys. DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1012129} The $nu$$_{4}$ band of chem{ICH_2OO} interferes with the 2$nu$$_{9}$ band of chem{CH_2OO} even at pressure as low as 100 Torr. With direct detection of both chem{CH_2OO} and chem{ICH_2OO}, we determined the pressure dependence of the yield of chem{CH_2OO}. The yield of chem{CH_2OO} near one atmosphere is greater than previous reports

On Coating Durability of Polymer Coated Sheet Metal under Plastic Deformation

Polymer coated sheet metal components find diverse applications in many industries. The manufacturing of the components generally involves forming of sheet metal into the desired shape and coating of the formed part with organic coating. An alternative manufacturing route is to coat the sheet metal first before forming. The change in the manufacturing sequence can potentially improve cost and reduce environmental impact. This approach, however, requires the coating to survive the deformation process. Thus, the effect of plastic deformation on coating adhesion is of primary interest to many engineers and researchers. This research aims at developing a methodology to predict the adhesion of coating after metal forming processes. A pull-off apparatus that measures the coating pull-off stress was used to indicate the coating adhesion strength. Several types of specimen were designed to obtain uniaxial tension, biaxial tension, and tension-compression deformation modes on pre-coated sheet by using a uniaxial tensile tester. Experimental results from two selected polymer coated sheet metals show that coating adhesion was affected by plastic deformation. An analytical model based on a virtual interface crack concept was developed to indicate the adhesion potential of the coating-substrate interface. From interfacial fracture mechanics, the initial adhesion potential is defined as the energy release rate characterized by the virtual interface crack and the initial pull-off stress. The analytical model was used to predict coating adhesion loss after deformation in uniaxial tension mode. The analytical model predictions agreed well with experimental results. Finite element analysis tool was applied to simulate more complex deformation modes in stamping of coated sheet meals. The stress field near the interface crack tip was used to calculate the energy release rate and predict the adhesion loss under different deformation modes. The predictions obtained from numerical method are also in good agreements with the experimental results in biaxial tension and tension-compression modes. The research has led to a better understanding of the effects of plastic deformation on coating adhesion. The developed adhesion test methods can be used to generate useful information on coating durability for diverse practical use. It is also expected that the results of the research will facilitate the development of better polymer coated sheet metal to be used in sheet metal forming processes

Prevalent Hallucinations during Medical Internships: Phantom Vibration and Ringing Syndromes

Background: Phantom vibration syndrome is a type of hallucination reported among mobile phone users in the general population. Another similar perception, phantom ringing syndrome, has not been previously described in the medical literature. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of 74 medical interns (46 males, 28 females; mean age, 24.8±1.2 years) was conducted using repeated investigations of the prevalence and associated factors of phantom vibration and ringing. The accompanying symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated with the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories before the internship began, and again at the third, sixth, and twelfth internship months, and two weeks after the internship ended. Results: The baseline prevalence of phantom vibration was 78.1%, which increased to 95.9% and 93.2% in the third and sixth internship months. The prevalence returned to 80.8% at the twelfth month and decreased to 50.0% 2 weeks after the internship ended. The baseline prevalence of phantom ringing was 27.4%, which increased to 84.9%, 87.7%, and 86.3% in the third, sixth, and twelfth internship months, respectively. This returned to 54.2% two weeks after the internship ended. The anxiety and depression scores also increased during the internship, and returned to baseline two weeks after the internship. There was no significant correlation between phantom vibration/ringing and symptoms of anxiety or depression. The incidence of both phantom vibration and ringing syndromes significantly increased during the internship, and subsequent recovery. Conclusion: This study suggests that phantom vibration and ringing might be entities that are independent of anxiety or depression during evaluation of stress-associated experiences during medical internships

A Novel Two-Component Response Regulator Links rpfwith Biofilm Formation and Virulence of Xanthomonasaxonopodis pv. Citri

Citrus bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri is a serious disease that impacts citrus productionworldwide, and X. axonopodis pv. citri is listed as a quarantine pest in certain countries. Biofilm formation is important forthe successful development of a pathogenic relationship between various bacteria and their host(s). To understand themechanisms of biofilm formation by X. axonopodis pv. citri strain XW19, the strain was subjected to transposonmutagenesis. One mutant with a mutation in a two-component response regulator gene that was deficient in biofilmformation on a polystyrene microplate was selected for further study. The protein was designated as BfdR for biofilmformation defective regulator. BfdR from strain XW19 shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with XAC1284 of X.axonopodis pv. citri strain 306 and 30–100% identity with two-component response regulators in various pathogens andenvironmental microorganisms. The bfdR mutant strain exhibited significantly decreased biofilm formation on the leafsurfaces of Mexican lime compared with the wild type strain. The bfdR mutant was also compromised in its ability to causecanker lesions. The wild-type phenotype was restored by providing pbfdR in trans in the bfdR mutant. Our data indicatedthat BfdR did not regulate the production of virulence-related extracellular enzymes including amylase, lipase, protease, andlecithinase or the expression of hrpG, rfbC, and katE; however, BfdR controlled the expression of rpfF in XVM2 medium,which mimics cytoplasmic fluids in planta. In conclusion, biofilm formation on leaf surfaces of citrus is important for cankerdevelopment in X. axonopodis pv. citri XW19. The process is controlled by the two-component response regulator BfdR viaregulation of rpfF, which is required for the biosynthesis of a diffusible signal factor

The Effects Between Numerical Tabulations And Graphs Of Financial Information On The Judgment Of Investors

Due to developments in information markets and advancements in information technology, and with the rapidity of information flow on the Internet, it is vital to increase the level of information transparency. Disclosure methods of financial information have presently become an important topic of discussion. By using numerical tables, non-distorted graphs or distorted graphs of financial information, this research discusses whether financial information display types indeed influence investors’ judgments and decisions. We investigate and analyze the use of graph disclosure in Taiwan and use experiment design methods to test the effect of investors’ judgment by comparing different display types of financial information. Our results find graphs are used to display comparative than numerical financial information, showing how this can influence investors’ awareness and judgments and use of graphs can be used to manipulate impressions (impression management)